Nuclear Power Countries List 2026: Total Nukes by Country
Nuclear weapons remain the most destructive weapons ever created by humanity. As of 2026, nine countries officially possess nuclear warheads, together holding an estimated 12,241 total nuclear weapons, a significant reduction from the Cold War peak of over 70,000 but with one alarming difference: for the first time in more than 50 years, those arsenals now exist without any binding arms control treaty between the world’s two largest nuclear powers. The expiration of the New START Treaty on February 5, 2026 removed every legal limit on how many nuclear weapons the United States and Russia could deploy, ending decades of transparency measures including mutual notifications of weapon movements.
This guide provides the most complete and up-to-date breakdown of every country with nuclear weapons in 2026, how many warheads each holds, which countries do not have them and why, and what the nuclear non-proliferation treaty means for the world today.
What Are Nuclear Weapons?
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive energy from nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or a combination of both. They are alternately called atom bombs, atomic bombs, A-bombs, nukes, or nuclear warheads. Their explosive force is measured in kilotons (equivalent to 1,000 tons of TNT) or megatons (1,000,000 tons of TNT).
Nuclear weapons fall into two broad categories. Fission weapons, such as the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, split heavy atomic nuclei. Thermonuclear weapons, also called hydrogen bombs or H-bombs, use a fission explosion to trigger a far more powerful fusion reaction, producing yields many times greater than early fission designs.
A subset called tactical nuclear weapons refers to lower-yield devices intended for battlefield use rather than the strategic destruction of entire cities. Despite the word “tactical,” these weapons can still carry explosive yields of up to 300 kilotons, or roughly 20 times the power of the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima.
How Many Countries Have Nuclear Weapons in 2026?
Nine countries in the world possess nuclear weapons as of 2026. They are the United States, Russia, China, France, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea.
These nine nuclear-armed nations collectively possess an estimated 12,300 warheads as of early 2026, with more than 9,614 maintained in operational military inventories ready for deployment via missiles, naval vessels, aircraft, and submarines, according to the Federation of American Scientists’ 2025 Status of World Nuclear Forces. YCharts
Of the 9,614 warheads in the military stockpiles, some 3,912 are deployed with operational forces on missiles or bomber bases. Of those, approximately 2,100 US, Russian, British, and French warheads are on high alert, ready for use on short notice. Investing.com
Complete List of Countries with Nuclear Weapons 2026
Table 1: Nuclear Warheads by Country (2026, All Estimates)
| Country | Total Warheads | Military Stockpile | Deployed | First Test Year | NPT Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | 6,257 | 4,309 active | 1,718 | 1949 | NPT Member |
| United States | 5,177 | 3,700 active | 1,770 | 1945 | NPT Member |
| China | 600 | 576 reserve, 24 deployed | 24 | 1964 | NPT Member |
| France | 370 total | 290 operational | 280 | 1960 | NPT Member |
| United Kingdom | 225 | 225 | 120 | 1952 | NPT Member |
| Pakistan | 170 est. | 170 est. | Undisclosed | 1998 | Non-NPT |
| India | 180 | 180 est. | Undisclosed | 1974 | Non-NPT |
| Israel | 90 est. | 90 est. | Undisclosed | Undisclosed | Non-NPT |
| North Korea | 40-50 est. | 40-50 est. | Undisclosed | 2006 | Withdrew 2003 |
Sources: Federation of American Scientists, Status of World Nuclear Forces 2026; Arms Control Association; SIPRI Yearbook 2025; ICAN 2026
Together, the US and Russia hold 83% of stockpiled nuclear warheads and roughly 86% of total global inventory. Bloomberg
Country-by-Country Nuclear Weapons Breakdown
Russia: Most Nuclear Weapons in the World
Russia holds the largest nuclear arsenal on Earth. An additional 2,591 nuclear warheads stay within the Kremlin’s military stockpile designated for possible military deployment, whilst 1,718 are already tactically positioned, raising the active nuclear stockpile total to 4,309. CNBC
Russia’s arsenal includes intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and bomber-delivered weapons. It also maintains an estimated 1,912 non-strategic tactical nuclear warheads not limited by any existing treaty. Russia suspended its participation in New START in February 2023, and the treaty expired entirely in February 2026.
Russia also began stationing tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus in 2023, extending its nuclear reach further into Eastern Europe.
United States: Second Largest Nuclear Power
The United States maintains a total active arsenal of 3,700 nuclear warheads, with 1,670 strategically positioned, 100 non-strategically positioned, and 1,930 held in the military reserve for possible deployment. The US additionally possesses 1,477 decommissioned nuclear warheads, elevating their total nuclear warhead count to 5,177. CNBC
America’s nuclear arsenal is uniquely forward-deployed beyond its own borders. An estimated 100 B-61 nuclear gravity bombs are forward-deployed at six NATO bases in five European countries: Aviano and Ghedi in Italy, Buchel in Germany, Incirlik in Turkey, Kleine Brogel in Belgium, and Volkel in the Netherlands. Investing.com
The United States was the first country to develop and use nuclear weapons, testing the Trinity device on July 16, 1945, and dropping bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. It remains the only country to have used nuclear weapons in war.
China: Fastest Growing Nuclear Arsenal
Since 2020, China has increased its stockpiles from 350 to 600 in 2025, and by 2030 the country is projected to have 1,000 nuclear weapons. Bloomberg China’s complete nuclear inventory is estimated to total 600, with 576 warheads held in reserve stockpile and 24 strategically deployed. CNBC
China has rejected calls to enter new arms control negotiations, complicating US efforts to negotiate a replacement for the New START Treaty that would include Beijing. The Pentagon’s 2025 annual report described China’s expansion as a “massive nuclear buildup.”
France: Europe’s Most Powerful Nuclear State
France has a military stockpile of 290 operational warheads available for deployment on 98 strategic delivery systems, as of July 2025. This consists of 48 submarine-launched ballistic missiles and 50 air-launched cruise missiles allocated for dual-capable land and carrier-based fighter aircraft. The French government has committed to a long-term modernization program for its nuclear forces and announced in March 2026 plans for an undisclosed increase to the size of its nuclear stockpile. Investing.com
United Kingdom
As of January 2022, the United Kingdom has a military stockpile of 225 warheads, of which an estimated 120 are operationally available for deployment on 48 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and 105 are in storage. The United Kingdom possesses a total of four Vanguard-class Trident nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, which together form its exclusively sea-based nuclear deterrent. Investing.com
Pakistan: How Did Pakistan Get Nuclear Weapons?
Pakistan conducted its first nuclear tests in May 1998, becoming the seventh confirmed nuclear power. The program was driven primarily by its rivalry with neighboring India, which had conducted its first test in 1974. Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program was significantly advanced through the work of scientist A.Q. Khan, who had access to uranium enrichment technology from Europe in the 1970s and became the architect of Pakistan’s bomb. Khan later ran a notorious nuclear technology proliferation network that sold designs and components to North Korea, Libya, and Iran.
Pakistan is estimated to hold approximately 170 nuclear warheads as of 2026 and is not a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It maintains a policy of first use, meaning it does not rule out using nuclear weapons first in a conflict.
India: Nuclear Weapons Status
India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, calling it a “peaceful nuclear explosion,” and conducted five further tests in May 1998. India ranks sixth globally with 180 warheads. The country’s stockpile has expanded by 20% over the past five years. Bloomberg India maintains a declared policy of No First Use, pledging not to be the first to deploy nuclear weapons in a conflict. India is not an NPT signatory.
Israel: Nuclear Ambiguity
Israel is the most secretive of all nuclear-armed states. It has never officially confirmed or denied possessing nuclear weapons, a policy known as nuclear ambiguity. Israel has material for up to 200 nuclear weapons, with an estimated 90 existing warheads. TRADING ECONOMICS Israel conducted no confirmed public nuclear tests and is not an NPT signatory. It is widely considered to have had nuclear weapons since the late 1960s. The question of whether Israel has nuclear weapons has been confirmed by virtually every Western intelligence agency, though Israel officially neither confirms nor denies.
North Korea: Nuclear Weapons Status
North Korea conducted its first nuclear test in October 2006 and has conducted six total tests, the most recent in September 2017. It has been estimated that North Korea has enough fissile material to develop between 40 and 50 individual weapons. TRADING ECONOMICS North Korea originally signed the NPT in 1985 but formally withdrew in 2003, making it the only country to have done so. It has developed increasingly capable ballistic missiles, including ICBMs theoretically capable of reaching the continental United States.
Countries That Do NOT Have Nuclear Weapons
Table 2: Key Countries Confirmed Without Nuclear Weapons
| Country | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Iran | No weapon confirmed | Has near-weapons-grade uranium stockpile; IAEA found no weapons program (March 2026) |
| Canada | No | NATO ally; hosted US weapons until 1984 |
| Germany | No | Hosts US B-61 bombs but does not own them |
| Japan | No | Has 47 tons of separated plutonium; domestic law prevents weaponization |
| South Korea | No | Under US nuclear umbrella |
| Turkey | No | Hosts US B-61 bombs at Incirlik but does not own them |
| Saudi Arabia | No | Has expressed interest; not confirmed pursuing |
| Ukraine | No | Gave up world’s third-largest nuclear arsenal in 1994 |
| Mexico | No | Non-nuclear by treaty and constitution |
| Australia | No | Strong domestic opposition; under US extended deterrence |
| South Africa | No | Dismantled 6 nuclear devices in 1989; only country to do so voluntarily |
Does Canada Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. Canada does not have nuclear weapons. However, during the Cold War, Canada hosted US nuclear weapons at CFB Goose Bay in Labrador between 1964 and 1984. Canada is a signatory to the NPT and has long advocated for nuclear disarmament.
Does Germany Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. Germany does not own nuclear weapons. However, it hosts approximately 20 US B-61 nuclear gravity bombs at Buchel Air Base under NATO’s nuclear sharing agreement. Germany’s pilots are trained to deliver these weapons, but operational control remains with the United States. Germany is a signatory to the NPT.
Does Japan Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. Japan does not have nuclear weapons. As the only country to have suffered nuclear attack in war, Japan maintains a strong domestic anti-nuclear stance. However, Japan holds approximately 47 tons of separated plutonium, the technology for advanced ballistic missiles, and the industrial base that would allow it to build nuclear weapons if it chose to. US security guarantees have historically removed the strategic need to do so.
Does Turkey Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. Turkey does not own nuclear weapons. However, it hosts approximately 50 US B-61 nuclear bombs at Incirlik Air Base in southern Turkey. Turkey is a NATO member and NPT signatory. US operational control of those weapons remains with American personnel.
Does Ukraine Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. Ukraine gave up nuclear weapons. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine inherited the world’s third-largest nuclear arsenal, approximately 1,900 strategic and 2,500 tactical warheads. In 1994, Ukraine signed the Budapest Memorandum, agreeing to transfer all nuclear weapons to Russia and join the NPT in exchange for security assurances from the US, UK, and Russia. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 is widely considered a direct consequence of those assurances proving hollow.
Does South Africa Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. South Africa is the only country in history to have independently developed nuclear weapons and then voluntarily dismantled its entire program. It built six nuclear devices in the 1980s and dismantled all of them between 1989 and 1991, joining the NPT in 1991.
Does Saudi Arabia Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. Saudi Arabia does not have nuclear weapons and is an NPT signatory. However, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman stated in 2018 that if Iran developed a nuclear weapon, Saudi Arabia would pursue one too. As of 2026, no confirmed weapons program exists. Riyadh’s past statements and regional security dynamics raise serious questions about its long-term intentions. MacroTrends
Does Mexico Have Nuclear Weapons?
No. Mexico has no nuclear weapons and signed both the NPT and the Treaty of Tlatelolco, which established Latin America as a nuclear-weapon-free zone in 1967.
Countries That Once Had Nuclear Weapons
Table 3: Countries That Gave Up Nuclear Weapons
| Country | Warheads Held | Year Disarmed | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukraine | 1,900 strategic + 2,500 tactical | 1994 | Budapest Memorandum; joined NPT |
| Belarus | Approx. 80 strategic | 1996 | Transferred to Russia post-USSR |
| Kazakhstan | Approx. 1,400 strategic | 1995 | Transferred to Russia post-USSR |
| South Africa | 6 devices | 1989-1991 | Voluntary dismantlement; joined NPT |
| Libya | Program only (no weapon built) | 2003 | Voluntary renunciation |
Sources: Arms Control Association, United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
What Is the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the cornerstone of global nuclear arms control. It was opened for signature in 1968 and entered into force in 1970. It has 191 member states, making it one of the most widely adopted arms control agreements in history.
The NPT rests on three pillars: non-proliferation (countries without nuclear weapons agree never to acquire them), disarmament (countries with nuclear weapons agree to work toward elimination), and the peaceful use of nuclear energy (all countries have the right to use nuclear technology for civilian purposes).
Five countries are recognized as Nuclear Weapons States under the NPT: the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom. India, Pakistan, and Israel never signed the NPT. North Korea signed in 1985 and withdrew in 2003.
The international nuclear arms control architecture in 2026 stands at its weakest point in over half a century, with the expiration of New START on February 5, 2026 marking the complete collapse of bilateral US-Russian nuclear limitations. MacroTrends
For more on Iran’s specific nuclear situation and the IAEA’s latest assessments, read our in-depth article on Does Iran Have Nuclear Weapons in 2026?
Nuclear Deterrence Theory
Nuclear deterrence is the strategic doctrine that states possessing nuclear weapons are less likely to be attacked because any aggressor would face an unacceptable retaliatory nuclear strike. The concept is also called Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), meaning both sides in a conflict understand that launching a nuclear strike would result in their own annihilation.
A major component of the Cold War was the stockpiling of nuclear weapons, based around the idea of mutually assured destruction, in which both sides believed that the best way to avoid nuclear war was to have so many nukes that the opponent would not launch an attack because they feared they could not destroy enough of the target country’s arsenal to avoid being devastated themselves by a retaliatory attack. U.S. Department of the Treasury
Today, deterrence theory is being tested by new realities: the rise of tactical nuclear weapons that some strategists see as usable battlefield tools, the collapse of arms control frameworks, and growing uncertainty about red lines in regional conflicts involving nuclear-armed states like Russia, Pakistan, India, and North Korea.
Nuclear Weapon Damage Radius
The destructive radius of a nuclear weapon varies enormously with its yield. A rough guide based on a 1-megaton airburst detonation:
Fireball radius: approximately 1 mile. Severe blast damage (structures destroyed): approximately 3 to 4 miles. Moderate blast damage (residential buildings flattened): approximately 7 miles. Thermal radiation burn injuries: approximately 10 to 12 miles. Radiation exposure area: approximately 10 to 20 miles depending on wind and terrain.
Modern strategic warheads typically range from 100 kilotons to over 1 megaton. A single nuclear warhead could kill hundreds of thousands of people, with lasting and devastating humanitarian and environmental consequences. Detonating just one nuclear weapon over New York would cause an estimated 583,160 fatalities. TRADING ECONOMICS
For context on how US military capabilities compare to nuclear-armed rivals, see our full analysis of US vs Iran Military Comparison 2026: Strength, Budget and Weapons and our ranking of the Largest Armies in the World 2026.
Nuclear Arms Spending: Who Spends the Most?
Global spending on nuclear weapons has surged in 2026. The nine nuclear-armed states collectively spend over $91 billion per year maintaining, modernizing, and expanding their arsenals. The United States accounts for the largest share at an estimated $51 billion annually, followed by China and Russia. France announced in March 2026 that it would no longer publicly disclose figures for its nuclear arsenal, complicating transparency efforts further.
For broader context on global military spending and how it shapes geopolitical power, see our piece on 10 Weakest Armies in the World 2026: Global Firepower Rankings.
The official resource for tracking nuclear policy and treaty compliance is the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs and for the most detailed and regularly updated warhead estimates, the Federation of American Scientists Status of World Nuclear Forces is the primary global reference used by governments and academics alike.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How many countries have nuclear weapons in 2026?
Nine countries have nuclear weapons in 2026. They are Russia, the United States, China, France, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, India, Israel, and North Korea.
2. How many nuclear weapons exist in the world in 2026?
An estimated 12,241 total nuclear warheads exist worldwide as of 2026, according to the Federation of American Scientists. Of these, approximately 9,614 are in active military stockpiles, and 3,912 are deployed on operational forces.
3. Which country has the most nuclear weapons?
Russia has the most nuclear weapons with an estimated 6,257 total warheads, including approximately 4,309 in active military stockpiles and 1,718 already deployed.
4. How many nuclear weapons does the US have?
The United States has an estimated 5,177 total nuclear warheads, with 3,700 in its active military stockpile and approximately 1,770 deployed on strategic missiles and bombers. An additional 100 B-61 bombs are forward deployed at NATO bases in five European countries.
5. How many nuclear weapons does Russia have?
Russia holds approximately 6,257 nuclear warheads in total. Of these, 4,309 are in active military stockpiles including 1,718 already deployed. Russia also maintains an estimated 1,912 non-strategic tactical warheads.
6. How many nuclear weapons does China have?
China has an estimated 600 nuclear warheads as of 2025-2026, with 576 held in reserve and 24 strategically deployed. The US Pentagon projects China will reach 1,000 nuclear weapons by 2030.
7. Does Israel have nuclear weapons?
Israel is widely believed to have nuclear weapons but maintains a policy of neither confirming nor denying possession, known as nuclear ambiguity. Western intelligence agencies estimate Israel holds approximately 90 warheads, with material for up to 200. Israel has never signed the NPT and has conducted no publicly confirmed nuclear tests.
8. How many nuclear weapons does Israel have?
Estimates vary, but the most widely cited figure is approximately 90 assembled nuclear warheads, with fissile material stockpiled that could support up to 200 weapons. Israel does not officially confirm or disclose any figures.
9. Does Pakistan have nuclear weapons?
Yes. Pakistan conducted its first nuclear weapons tests in May 1998. It is estimated to hold approximately 170 nuclear warheads as of 2026. Pakistan has not signed the NPT and maintains a first-use nuclear doctrine.
10. How did Pakistan get nuclear weapons?
Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program was built primarily by scientist A.Q. Khan, who obtained uranium enrichment technology and centrifuge designs from European sources in the 1970s. Pakistan conducted its first successful tests in 1998 in response to India’s nuclear tests. Khan later operated a clandestine proliferation network selling nuclear technology to North Korea, Libya, and Iran.
11. Does North Korea have nuclear weapons?
Yes. North Korea has conducted six confirmed nuclear tests, the first in 2006 and the most recent in 2017. It is estimated to have fissile material sufficient for 40 to 50 nuclear weapons. North Korea withdrew from the NPT in 2003.
12. How many nuclear weapons does North Korea have?
North Korea is estimated to have enough fissile material for between 40 and 50 nuclear warheads. The exact number remains unconfirmed because North Korea does not allow international inspections.
13. Does India have nuclear weapons?
Yes. India has nuclear weapons and is estimated to hold approximately 180 warheads as of 2026, a 20% increase over the past five years. India conducted its first test in 1974 and further tests in 1998. It maintains a No First Use policy and has not signed the NPT.
14. Does Iran have nuclear weapons?
No. Iran does not have an assembled nuclear weapon as of 2026. The IAEA confirmed in March 2026 that no structured weapons manufacturing program has been detected. However, Iran holds over 400 kilograms of 60%-enriched uranium, enough material to produce 10 to 15 weapons if enriched further to weapons grade.
15. Does Canada have nuclear weapons?
No. Canada does not have nuclear weapons. It is an NPT signatory. Canada hosted US nuclear weapons during the Cold War but all were removed by 1984.
16. Does Germany have nuclear weapons?
No. Germany does not own nuclear weapons. It hosts approximately 20 US B-61 nuclear bombs at Buchel Air Base under NATO nuclear sharing arrangements but has no independent nuclear arsenal. Germany is an NPT signatory.
17. Does Japan have nuclear weapons?
No. Japan does not have nuclear weapons. It maintains a strong non-nuclear policy shaped by its experience as the only country ever attacked with nuclear weapons. Japan hosts no foreign nuclear weapons and is an NPT signatory.
18. Does Ukraine have nuclear weapons?
No. Ukraine gave up all nuclear weapons in 1994 under the Budapest Memorandum, transferring approximately 4,400 warheads to Russia. It joined the NPT in exchange for security assurances that were not enforced when Russia invaded in 2022.
19. Does South Africa have nuclear weapons?
No. South Africa built six nuclear devices in the 1980s and is the only country in history to have voluntarily and completely dismantled its own nuclear weapons program. It joined the NPT in 1991.
20. Does South Korea have nuclear weapons?
No. South Korea does not have nuclear weapons and is an NPT signatory. It relies on the US nuclear umbrella for extended deterrence against North Korea. However, South Korean public opinion polls in recent years have shown growing support for the country developing its own nuclear capability.
21. Does Saudi Arabia have nuclear weapons?
No. Saudi Arabia does not have nuclear weapons and is an NPT signatory. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has stated publicly that Saudi Arabia would pursue nuclear weapons if Iran acquired them, but no confirmed weapons program exists.
22. Does Mexico have nuclear weapons?
No. Mexico is a firmly non-nuclear state, a signatory to both the NPT and the Treaty of Tlatelolco, which established Latin America as a nuclear-weapon-free zone.
23. Does Turkey have nuclear weapons?
No. Turkey does not own nuclear weapons. It hosts approximately 50 US B-61 nuclear gravity bombs at Incirlik Air Base under NATO nuclear sharing. Operational control remains entirely with the United States. Turkey is an NPT signatory.
24. What are tactical nuclear weapons?
Tactical nuclear weapons are lower-yield nuclear devices designed for battlefield or regional use rather than the mass destruction of cities. Despite the implication of being “smaller,” they can have yields of up to 300 kilotons, about 20 times the power of the Hiroshima bomb. Russia maintains an estimated 1,912 tactical warheads, the United States approximately 200.
25. What is nuclear non-proliferation?
Nuclear non-proliferation refers to efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries. The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the primary legal instrument, with 191 signatory states agreeing not to develop or acquire nuclear weapons. Countries with nuclear weapons under the NPT agreed to work toward eventual disarmament, an obligation widely criticized as unfulfilled.
26. Which country has the most powerful nuclear weapons?
By raw yield, the United States and Russia both possess thermonuclear weapons in the hundreds of kilotons to megaton range, making them the most powerful in the world. Russia’s RS-28 Sarmat ICBM can carry warheads totaling up to 50 megatons in payload. The US B83 gravity bomb has a maximum yield of 1.2 megatons. Both dwarf all other countries’ warhead capabilities.
27. Are there any missing nuclear weapons?
Several nuclear weapons have been lost throughout history, primarily by the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War. These are referred to as “broken arrows.” The US Department of Defense acknowledges 32 nuclear weapons accidents, of which at least 6 resulted in weapons that were never recovered. These include a hydrogen bomb lost off the coast of Tybee Island, Georgia in 1958, and weapons lost in crashes in Greenland and Spain.
28. What is nuclear deterrence theory?
Nuclear deterrence is the doctrine that possession of nuclear weapons prevents adversaries from attacking because they fear a devastating retaliatory nuclear strike. Also known as Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), it has been the foundation of nuclear strategy since the Cold War. Critics argue that deterrence becomes increasingly unstable as more countries acquire nuclear weapons and as tactical weapons blur the line between conventional and nuclear conflict.
Sources
- Federation of American Scientists, Status of World Nuclear Forces 2026, Hans M. Kristensen et al., fas.org
- Arms Control Association, Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance, Updated July 2025
- SIPRI Yearbook 2025: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security
- IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi, Press Statement on Iran, March 2, 2026
- International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), Nuclear Arsenals Data 2025-2026
- US Department of Defense, Annual Report to Congress on Chinese Military Power, 2025
- TheWorldData.com, Nuclear Weapon Statistics 2026, February 2026
- Wikipedia, List of States with Nuclear Weapons, Updated March 2026
- United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, NPT Status and Treaty Data
- Irish Star / The Mirror US, Countries with Nuclear Weapons 2026, March 2026